Assessment of Knowledge, Reported Attitudes and Practices Regarding Emergency Preparedness and Related Factors at Tertiary-Care Hospitals of Punjab Province Amid COVID-19 Pandemic

Hospitals need to maintain a high level of preparedness of staff and systems to mitigate the consequences of health emergencies and disasters. Therefore, the knowledge, attitude and practices of the hospital staff are of key importance in strengthening the emergency preparedness of the health system.Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare workers regarding emergency preparedness and factors related to them, at the tertiary care hospitals of Punjab PakistanMethods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted at six tertiary care hospitals in Punjab from February 2022 to August 2022, approved by advanced studies and the research board of the University ofPunjab. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among 450 staffmembers ofthese hospitals to identify gaps in the knowledge, reported attitudes and practices of healthcare workers and their willingness to report for duty, selectedby multistage sampling. Data were analysedby statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) Version 22.Results: The results found that 49.8% of the participants were aware of disasters that occurred, 50% knew the hospital emergency plan, and 70% agreed that hospitals need written plans yet 72.4% were not aware of the major components of the plan.Regarding attitude of the staff, 73.8% of accepted that it is their duty to take care of patients, 33.6% thought that hospital preparedness is adequate and only 36.7% agreed that the hospital had adequate staff in catering for the increased patient influx. Regarding hospital preparedness practices, only 29.3% stated that hospital conducts exercises and drills and 30.4% reported that the hospital conducts other training sessions and workshops for staff.Conclusion: The majority of the staff at the studied hospitals had a positive attitudes and willingness to report for duties in case of health emergencies. But there were lacks in the knowledge and practices at these hospitals which needs to be addressed by making a written hospital emergency plan, conducting simulation drills and mock exercises and arranging training.

An Observational Study on the Early Stages of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Pakistan

Bachground: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which started on February 26, 2020 in city of karachi, spread quickly throughout Pakistan. Material(s) and Method(s): The design of this study was a observational study design and this study was conducted at king Edward medical University Lahore. More than 6,200 persons were afflicted by the illness in the first seven weeks, and there were more than 111 documented fatalities. Many problems arise if we contrast the COVID-19 tragedies in Pakistan with those in nations like China, Iran, and the European Union. The geography of the nation, poverty, poor literacy rates, environmental circumstances, sanitary conditions, and dietary habits are only a few of the difficulties we face in containing this epidemic. Although there are terrible circumstances in each of these areas, Pakistan's COVID-19 epidemic was slower than that of other developing nations. Result(s): The impact of COVID-19 appears to be lessened by Pakistan's humid hot temperature, early reaction to COVID-19, population immune system, BCG vaccination, and the proportion of young individuals. In this essay, we explore the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in China, Iran, and Pakistan and present its day-to-day changes. We outline the COVID-19 structure and how it compares to SARS-COV and SARS-COV2. The use of Remdesivir (an adenosine analogue used against RNA viruses), Chloroquine (a widely used anti-malarial drug), convalescent plasma, neutralising antibodies targeting the ACE-2 receptor, and an ACE-2-like molecule that might bind to the S protein of the coronavirus are also covered in terms of treatment options and their drawbacks. Also covered are the effects of COVID-19 on Pakistan's economy and government relief measures. Conclusion(s): In conclusion, it may be said that the support systems in place may not be sufficient to stop the spread of the virus. Even with the meagre assistance offered, it is weaker for rural places where the virus's effects may be severe than in the nation's cities. Further research is required as the epidemic develops to better understand governmental efforts to contain the virus and its effects across the nation.Copyright © 2023 Lahore Medical And Dental College. All rights reserved.

Economic fluctuations and monetary policy on the stock market during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to examine the stock market's resiliency in the face of economic fluctuations and a crisis caused by the COVID-19 outbreak. using monthly data from 2011 to 2020 and an error correction model with the Composite Stock Price Index (conventional stock market system) and the Jakarta Islamic Index (Islamic stock market system) as dependent variables and policy interest rates, exchange rates, inflation, and crises as independent variables. In both stock market models, the regression results reveal that there is a short-term to long-term equilibrium relationship. Interest rates set by policymakers and crisis variables have a detrimental impact. In the long run, the exchange rate has a beneficial effect, and inflation has no influence on the two stock markets. In the short run, the findings in both markets are nearly identical, meaning that inflation and policy interest rates have little influence, whereas exchange rates have a negative impact. The crisis, on the other hand, had no impact on the JCI stock market. The crisis had a positive impact on the JII stock market, unlike the JII stock market. These findings are significant because they reveal a distinction that leads to a significant increase in the number of investors who believe it is safe to invest in the Islamic stock market in the short term, notwithstanding the crisis. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences.

Sovereign bonds and flight to safety: Implications of the COVID-19 crisis for sovereign debt markets in the G-7 and E-7 economies

This study investigates the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for sovereign debt in the G-7 and E-7 economies and explores the notion of sovereign bonds as a safe haven. Using a set of panel regression and dynamic connectedness TVP-VAR approaches, our results reveal that the impact of COVID-19 global case numbers on sovereign bonds has been contingent on the level of the country's financial and economic development. More precisely, our findings suggest that G-7 countries, where economic development is typically higher, have seen a negative effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on sovereign bond yield: sovereign 10-year bond yields declined as the number of COVID-19 global confirmed cases increased in G-7 countries. However, in E-7 countries, where economic growth and development are typically lower, sovereign bond yields responded positively to the initial increase in COVID-19 global confirmed case numbers, but this positive effect is not statistically significant. We also find that the G-7 and E-7 economies have a strong time-varying connectedness in relation to their bond markets and this effect is more pronounced in G-7 economies. Daily Infectious Disease Equity Market Volatility is likely to be the strongest predictor of total connectedness. Concomitantly, we shed new light on the predictive power of the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths, and the Daily Infectious Disease Equity Market Volatility Tracker on the interdependence of these sovereign bond markets. Overall, this paper highlights the heterogeneous effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on sovereign bond yields in G-7 and E-7 countries and the notion that the developed economies, with their developed sovereign bond markets, are still seen as a safe haven during times of crisis. © 2023 The Authors

Using Fused Contourlet Transform and Neural Features to Spot COVID19 Infections in CT Scan Images

The World Health Organization (WHO) claims that COVID19 is the pandemic disease of the 22nd century. The COVID19 disease is caused by a strain of coronavirus that led to the infection and death of millions of people and continues to do so unless we find mechanisms that enable healthcare providers to detect infections accurately and as early as possible. To that end, and to diagnose this lung infection, where CT scan images are usually reliable tools that physicians typically use to spot infections. Like many other research studies in the computing field, we present here a new approach for automating the process of identifying COVID19 infections in CT scans using Machine Learning. This approach uses the hybrid fast fuzzy c-means for COVID19 CT scan image segmentation. Then, the Contourlet transform and CNN feature extracted approaches are used to extract features individually from segmented CT scan images and combine them in one feature vector. For feature selection, we experimented with three feature selection techniques, namely, Principle Component Analysis (PCA), Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (MRMR), and Binary Differential Evaluation (BDE), where we found the latter gave the best results. For classification, we used several neural network models (AlexNet, ResNet50, GoogleNet, VGG16, VGG19) and found that the ensemble classifier worked better. An extensive set of experiments was conducted on standard public datasets. The results suggest that our methodology gives better performance than other existing approaches with an accuracy of 99.98%.

Smoking Behaviour and Dry Eye Symptoms among Uitm Puncak Alam Students during Covid 19

Introduction: The pandemic of COVID-19 has impacted the economy and psychological health, especially during the implementation of a movement control order. The implementation has raised adverse behaviour such as smoking and drinking to deal with psychological stress and anxiety. This study has investigated the pattern of smoking behaviour and the relationship between smoking behaviour and dry eye symptoms among smokers during the COVID 19 pandemic. Methods: The Smoking Behavior and Dry Eye Symptoms (OSDI) questionnaires were used in the study with the value for Cronbach α was 0.676. The adapted questionnaires were distributed online to 377 smokers who studied at UiTM Puncak Alam. The collected data were analyzed demographically, and the significant value was set at p<0.05 using the Pearson test. Results: The average intake of cigarettes was between six to ten cigarettes per day. During COVID-19, 54.1% of the participants responded to an increase in the frequency of cigarettes per day. 17.2% of the participants had severe dry eyes due to smoking activity. The Pearson test showed a significant correlation between dry eyes symptoms and smoking behaviour p <0.05. Conclusion: During Covid 19, the prevalence of dry eye symptoms has increased among smokers, and it is linked to poor ocular surface health due to the changes in smoking behaviour and tobacco intake. This behaviour might commit to an unhealthy lifestyle that can reduce the quality of life. © 2022 UPM Press. All rights reserved.

How Engaged is Your Student? A Review of Online Learning Tools

The Covid-19 widespread has given a modern measurement where learning can still be carried out without understudies' assembly their teaches face-to-face. However, an issue that need special attention is student's engagement during online teaching and learning process. The objective of this review is to inspect online learning tools that have been used in various high-level institutions or even in schools. In addition, the purpose of this review is to give instructors some suggestions of online learning tools that can be applied to help students engage with their learning. The study also offers some definition term on online learning, online learning resources, platforms, and tools being applied by researchers in various fields that suits the online learning environment. © 2022 IEEE.

Intracranial Otogenic Complications in Adults: New Factors That Influence its Onset

Aim: To investigate new factors which influence intracranial otogenic complications in adults. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and duration of study: Department of ENT, Services Hospital Lahore from 1st October 2021 to 31st March 2022. Methodology: Fifty patients were analyzed in COVID times (2020-2021) with intracranial otogenic complications for determination of new factors for the onset of this disease complication. Hundred patients were assessed from the time period of 2014-2018. The diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of MRI or MRV imaging with intracranial complications. Reverse Transcriptase PCR was also performed on each patient through naso-pharyngeal swab test. The patients age, gender, clinical and comorbidity history, neurological state, immobility, prophylaxis and coagulopathy risks were documented. Result(s): The mean age of the patients was 62.3+/-5.5 years during COVID times and 50.2+/-6.1 years before COVID-19. The PreCOVID-19 period had all males reported with intracranial otogenic complications. While in COVID times 12% females were reported with intracranial otogenic complications such as meningitis, brain abscess as well as Lateral/venous sinus thrombosis. Lateral/venous sinus thrombosis among IOC was more commonly observed in the COVID time. Conclusion(s): Cerebral lateral/venous-sinus thrombosis is appeared to be the rare factor that can be linked with COVID-19. Copyright © 2022 Lahore Medical And Dental College. All rights reserved.

"""Attributes of halal tourism during the Covid-19 pandemic: An overview of the perceptions of Muslim tourists in Nusantara"""

The Covid-19 pandemic has hit industrial sectors very hard, including the tourism industry and halal tourism. The sustainability of the tourism industry must be main-tained, so the development of marketing strategies is very necessary. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the effect of halal tourism attributes on tourist loyalty and indirectly through the trust and satisfaction of Indonesian Muslim tourists. This quantitative study involved 504 respondents out of 519 collected. To determine the sample in this study, a judgment sampling technique was used. The analytical tool used is the PLS-SEM to test the effect of the relationship between the variables studied. As a result, the attributes of halal tourism indirectly affect loyalty through the trust and satisfaction of tourists. This means that tourist loyalty manifests itself in returning to visited tourist destinations, recommending others, inviting others to visit visited tour-ist destinations, and traveling back to visited tourist destinations, even though the en-try ticket goes up;it can arise directly as a result of offerings of halal tourism attributes, as well as mediated by the trust and satisfaction of domestic tourists with tourism attributes offered to the tourist destinations they visited during the COVID-19 period.

Students’ Acceptance of Using CIDOS 3.5 for Learning Communicative English During Covid-19 Pandemic

In these times of globalization, it is impossible to avoid progressive educational development. The unanticipated Covid-19 pandemic has impacted negatively on Malaysia's education system, especially at the tertiary level. Thus, Malaysian Polytechnics were forced to turn to virtual teaching and learning methods. The study's featured Learning Management System (LMS) is CIDOS 3.5, which all lecturers and students are encouraged to use during the tough period. The research design is a quantitative approach. The respondents were chosen through purposive sampling based on the course they enrolled using LMS (CIDOS 3.5) they used during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The online cross-sectional survey from 100 tertiary Communicative English students at one of the Polytechnics in Sarawak, Malaysia was collected to evaluate their perceptions on CIDOS 3.5 during the Covid-19 pandemic. The findings found a high level of Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use and Behavioral Intention. Pearson correlation coefficient indicates a statistically significant relationship between Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease on Behavioral Intention in using LMS CIDOS 3.5 among Communicative English students at this institution in Sarawak. © 2022 ACADEMY PUBLICATION.

The Sustainability of a Community of Inquiry in Online Course Satisfaction in Virtual Learning Environments in Higher Education

Teaching and learning online is quite challenging. Both require an additional capacity and effort to withstand ongoing engagement in a virtual learning environment. Nonetheless, there have been cases of dissatisfaction with virtual learning environments due to the lack of engagement and poor interaction between the instructor, students, and content, which may affect how students learn online. This study presents a cross-sectional survey that was designed to re-examine the theoretical model of the Community of Inquiry (CoI), and to examine the structure of course satisfaction using SmartPLS 3.3.8 for multivariate statistical analysis. The CoI and the course satisfaction instruments were adapted in this study. The reflections of the CoI are then assumed to form type II second-order constructs to determine their effect on student satisfaction with the course. The findings revealed that teaching, social, and cognitive presence in the CoI have a significant influence on students’ satisfaction with the courses that they are enrolled in. These results provide a direction for further research on the CoI in online learning by extending a framework that incorporates online learners as one of the essential stakeholders in education. Therefore, the results presented here are only applicable to certain courses, and it would be meaningful to investigate academic achievement and motivation, and to compare them between specific courses or subjects to find out which courses have lower or higher levels of presence.

A new three-term conjugate gradient method with application to regression analysis

Conjugate gradient (CG) method is well-known for its ability to solve unconstrained optimization (UO.) problems. This article presenting a new CG method with sufficient descent conditions which improves the former method developed by Rvaie, Mustafa, Ismail and Leong (RMIL). The efficacy of the proposed method has been demonstrated through simulations on the Kijang Emas pricing regression problem. The daily data between January 2021 to May 2021 were obtained from Malaysian Ministry of Health and Bank Negara Malaysia. The dependent variable for this study was the Kijang Emas price, and the independent variables were the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) measures (i.e., new cases, R-naught, death cases, new recovered). Data collected were analyzed on its correlation and coefficient determinant, and the influences of COVID-19 on Kijang Emas price was examined through multiple linear regression model. Findings revealed that the suggested technique outperformed the existing CG algorithms in terms of computing efficiency. © 2022 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.

Formulating Physical Exterior Design Factors in Creating Exciting Retail Stores in Malaysia

The Covid-19 outbreak in 2020 has caused hard time for the physical retail store. As to recovery, to increase profits retailer need to look for alternative way to improve shopping value. Past studies had identified several customers-oriented on store environment attributes impact consumers perception. However, until today there are no specific guidelines available regarding creating a good store design mainly after the post-pandemic on the retail stores environment context in Malaysia. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify and propose the influences of various store environment physical exterior design factors in retail stores and study their effect on customers behavior. The study applied qualitative research methodology a case study which employed observation and interviews, on a selected fashion retail store. The results shows that behavior intentions among customers included store choice and purchasing can be induced by creating unique shopping experiences with the help of store environment physical exterior design factors. Therefore, to give little attention to the store environment physical exterior design elements by the retails owner are important without set aside the safety SOP to stay advantages in today’s competitive market. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Culture revolution for negative effects always using hand sanitizer in this COVID-19 pandemic;E-review paper

Hand sanitizer is one of the mandatory to be used in this covid-19 pandemic. It is purposed to protect from covid-19 viruses transmitted. There are many benefits of using hand sanitizer example simple in using all around. Although the benefits, it has many negative effects in using this product. The methods of this study use re-review from many references inside the internet website. The results of this study inform that many negative effects of this study like dry skin, diarrhea, disrupting child immunity, and infertility. As a recommendation, the user of hand sanitizer must be aware of using this product. Hands washing with water flowing more qualify to be used to clean the hand.

An Invitation to Commentary on Using Telemedicine within Otolaryngology Practice during the Covid-19 Catastrophe

The COVID-19 epidemic had a significant impact on how otolaryngologists deliver care and treatment to their patients in the outpatient setting. Throughout this Public Health Emergency (PHE), maintaining a continuum of care with existing patients and establishing a relationship with potential patients is difficult. State and municipal governments have issued orders for the citizens to remain at homes and stay under shelters in several places to prevent the spread of COVID-19.Wide adaptability in providing services via remote communications technology has been allowed to avoid exposure concerns to healthcare professionals, patients, and the general public. The use of telehealth or online services will allow otolaryngologists to provide essential care to patients while reducing the pandemic's clinical and budgetary burden. It increases the continuum of care, lowers costs, and enhances patient self-management and overall results, according to studies, notably in the treatment of distinct disease states. [1]The considerable coding and billing challenges associated with deploying telehealth services are explained to encourage otolaryngologists to adopt this technology.

E-learning in the era of Covid-19 Pandemic: The Challenges and Opportunities

Background: The current study aimed to determine the effectiveness of E-learning in Pakistan among the higher education students (both medical and non-medical) during the global pandemic. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a government university in Karachi, Pakistan between April 2020 to September 2021. All participants living in a region where COVID-19 is prevalent, having higher education status, who had access to the internet and were above 18 years of age were included in the study. All those who were younger than 18 years, those who were in primary and secondary education, and students who were already taking any online module before the Covid-19 pandemic were excluded. All findings were recorded in the semi - structured Proforma consisting of closed ended questions. Demographics of the study participant's such as age, gender and occupation were recorded. Furthermore, information to assess the satisfaction towards the online learning were included. Results: Mean age of study participants was 21 years with female dominance. Overall mean scores for learning environment, face-to-face learning, and E-learning were 18.1 ± 4.6, 23.1 ± 6.5, and 15.4 ± 7.1, respectively. The scores for the learning environment were significantly higher for female students as compared to male counterparts (p<0.008). However, no statistical difference was observed between gender and scores on face-to face learning and E-learning. It was further indicated that face-to-face learning was significantly higher in medical students (p=0.0001) while non-medical students score significantly higher in E-learning with a p-value of 0.0002. Conclusion: The present study presented a comparison between modes of teaching (face-to-face learning versus E-learning) from the perspective of the students. The study indicated that medical students preferred faceto- face learning while other non-medical students preferred E-learning. If interactive classes are an option for students in which they can easily interact with the teacher and postulate questions, then E-learning could be as effective as face-to-face learning. However, this should be further explored using a larger sample population including remote areas of Pakistan as well.

Infodemics: Use of Peer Reviewed and Non-Peer Reviewed Information by Post Graduate Trainee Doctors for COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan

Background: Reliable and peer reviewed information is of immense importance for preventive, diagnostic and curative solutions and efforts should be done to minimize inaccurate infodemics among post graduate trainee doctors. Objective: The aim of the study was to access the use of Peer Reviewed and Non-Peer Reviewed Information by post graduate trainee doctors for COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan. Methods: The study was analytical cross sectional in design and was conducted in 3193 post graduate trainee doctors employing Electronic Logbook (elog) system of College of Physicians and Surgeons, Pakistan. An online survey included demographic characteristics, year of training, specialty and sources of information used for COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Total 3193 study participants from all provinces of Pakistan were included with mean age of 28.68 years. Majority of participants (58.66%) used both peer reviewed and non-peer reviewed information source for getting updated guidelines and information about COVID-19. According to bivariate analysis results, significant differences were revealed between the source of information and the age (p < 0.001), province (p < 0.001) and gender (p < 0.002). Multivariate logistic regression results showed that the age less than 30 years (AOR = 1.311, 95% (CI: 0.800, 2.146), working in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (AOR = 1.549, 95% (CI: 1.210-1.982) and female gender(AOR = 1.551, 95% (CI: 1.303, 1.847). was significantly associated with increased use of social media for getting information. Conclusion: Use of non-peer reviewed information for COVID-19 pandemic by postgraduate trainee doctors is common.

Spatial Study on How COVID-19 Affects the Indonesian Rice Markets Integration: Period of March to July 2020

This study applied the co-integration tests with daily rice prices from 25th July 2016 to 2nd July 2020. The dummy variable in this study is based on the initial COVID-19 case in Indonesia, which was confirmed on 2nd March 2020. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rice prices transmission in several regions of producers (Surabaya and Semarang) and consumers (Serang, Jakarta, Bandung, and Yogyakarta) markets in Java, Indonesia. Analysis data used is the average daily price in a wholesale market and a group of traditional markets. Error correction model estimation results show an integration among the rice markets and the long-term equilibrium adjustment process, which is relatively slow. However, this study's empirical results confirm that implementing the COVID-19 control program in the short-term does not cause changes in rice prices currently in Jakarta. © 2021 RIGEO. All Rights Reserved.

The Effects of Principals' Digital Leadership on Teachers' Digital Teaching during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia

Education involving digital technology is the latest transformation of the education system, especially during the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Malaysian Ministry of Education (MOE) has taken the initiative to spearhead efforts to develop the skills and potential of students in the use of digital technology. The main purpose of this study was to identify the level of digital leadership displayed by principals, the level of teachers' digital teaching practices and the elements of principals' digital leadership that predict the level of teachers' digital teaching. About 400 secondary school teachers in Hulu Langat District, Selangor were involved in this study. The findings of this study show that the level of digital leadership displayed by principals and teachers' digital teaching practice are both at a high level. However, the positive correlation between the two is moderate. Multiple regression found that only digital citizenship is a strong predictor of teachers' digital teaching. The findings show that the ability to plan and organize digital leadership programs is important and can help improve students' academic performance, despite the COVID-19 pandemic crisis.

Vaccination against COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Perception and Attitude of Healthcare Workers in COVID-dedicated Hospitals

Healthcare professionals are the crucial and influencing source of information for vaccines and their communication among patients and communities that can accelerate successful vaccination in a country. This cross-sectional study was one of the first and foremost ones in Bangladesh to observe the basic perception and attitudes towards vaccination against COVID-19 among the healthcare workers (HCWs) - doctors, interns, nurses, ward boys, cleaners, and medical technologists of major COVID-dedicated hospitals. The cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in February 2021 among 550 HCWs to assess the perception and attitude towards vaccination against COVID-19. The study participants were targeted as the priority group for COVID-19 vaccination, working in two major COVID-dedicated hospitals, Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital (HF-center), and Sheikh Russel National Gastro-liver Institute and Hospital (SR-center) in Dhaka, Bangladesh during the pandemic. The questionnaire was structured with a three-point scale of responses from 'true', 'false', and 'do not know'. The responses were calculated on point-score as +1 for the correct response, -1 for the wrong response, and 0 for 'do not know' with an overall highest and the lowest possible score of +5 to -5. Absolute (n) and relative frequencies (%) were presented for qualitative variables, while quantitative variables were presented as mean (+/- standard deviation). Chi-square test was done for univariate analysis of qualitative variables and Student's t-test for quantitative variables. With the 95.27% response rate, including 204 males and 320 were female and the male: female ratio was 1: 1.56. The majority of the participants were doctors (45.8%) followed by nurses (27.9%), and MLSS (26.3%) respectively. The respondents were between 18 to 64 years of age with a mean of 36.17+/-10.94 years. Most of the respondents (95.99%) responded correctly about the cost-free availability of a vaccine against COVID-19 in the country, 87.40% preferred vaccination as safe and effective. Again 29.77% HCWs think the vaccine might not be safe or effective due to emergency authorization. Only 38.93% of respondents could respond correctly about the necessity of vaccines for children, 31.10% think the vaccination was not required instead of natural immunity. The positive perception and attitude of the frontline HCWs in COVID-dedicated hospitals in Bangladesh are crucial which will positively influence motivation and wide acceptance among the general population for the attainment of the nationwide vaccination program, and adopt effective strategic modification to minimize the gaps for a low-middle income country like Bangladesh with its resource constrain.